Fundamental duties.—It shall be the duty of every citizen of India—

 

(a) to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the

National Flag and the National Anthem;

 

(b) to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national

struggle for freedom;

 

(c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India;

 

(d) to defend the country and render national service when called upon to

do so;

 

(e) to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst

all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or

sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of

women;

 

(f) to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture;

 

(g) to protect and improve the natural environment including forests,

lakes, rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures;

(h) to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry

and reform;

 

(i) to safeguard public property and to abjure violence;

 

(j) to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective

activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour

and achievement;

 

(k) who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to

his child or, as the case may be, ward between the age of six and fourteen

years